Shock-absorber.



wI E. GOODYEAR.

- SHOCK ABSORBER. APPLICATION `FILED SEPT. 19, 191.3.

Patented June 4, 191.8.

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Applicationled September 'o-aZZ'Iw--omz't may concern: I l I, WATSON E. Goonrmn, a citizen of the United States, and resident ,of Philadelphia,` Pennsylvania, have inbvented an Improvement in Shock-Absorbers, of which the following description, mconnection with' the accompanying drawings,

is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts. v

This invention relates\to shock absorbers for vehiclesand other u'ses. The character of vthe invention may be best understood .by reference to the following description of an llustrative'embodiment thereof shownin the accompanying drawing where1n:

Figure. 1 is-a rear elevation of a-.motor :car equipped with shock absorbers embodying the inventiong'and Fig. 2 'is vertical longltudlnal section through one'of` the shock absorbers shown 'anni 1 :Re erung shock absor er shown therein as embodying f connected to the running the invention comprises a cylinder orother appropriately lshaped chamber 1 having heads 3, 3, onev of'.which may be\ suitably gear of a vehicle.

Within the cylinder is a hollow .plunger 5 preferably lhaving a cylindricalwalland heads 7, 7 apertured to receive a rod 9 secured to4 said plunger by a set nut 11.- The plunger rodprojects through one' of the heads 'of :the cylinder and may be connected to the bodyof. thevehicle by any ap propriate connections'.`

said weighted fvajlve' a'heli'cal spring' 19 is iinterposed betweenthe. same and the lower l head of the plunger. A .similar spring may 4lili ,be placed betweensaid valve and the oppo site' heady of the plunger if desired. Y

To .further ,controln the-passage of the liquid through'the ,plungerfthe upper head Speoication or Letters Patent.

to the drawing. the illustrative pass th-rough the plunger and' 19, 1913. serial No. 790,774@

of the latter is provided with ports 21 controlled by a disk valve 22 apertured to slide on the plunger rod.9 and pressed toward the head of the plunger by a spring'23 encir- Patented d' une d', 1918.

Cling said rod and limited by a ring 25 fast 011 the latter. The lower head -is providedA Y with similar portsv 27 controlled by a disk valve 29 normally pressed against said head by aspring 31also encircling said rod and limited by said ring.'

1 Preferably the Lplunger does vnotiit close" of the cylinder, but is' to the inner wa spaced therefrom somewhat to receive a ring 33 looseonsaid plungerand normally -maintained centrally between the heads of 'said plunger by helical springs 35 bearingV against outer rimsfof the plunger. heads.

To permit a restricted passage of the liquid to and from opposite sides of said ring theinner wall of the cylinder maybe pro.- vided centrally between its ends with aseres of longitudinalchannels 39.'

Inoperatiomso long as the vehicle remains vertically stationaryV or moves'o'nly immaterially there will be s ight,

stantially no -eie'ct upon the gweighted valve withinfthe plunger, becausethe plunger being connected to the body also' is substantially stationary. When, however, the body .v starts to move downwardly it will 'so vmove with an acceleration by reason of which the weighted valve will lag and partially close the up er,- pluger ports 13. This will restrict t e iow fof ,the liquid 1through thev plunger and thereby check the -move-A ment of the plunger andbod Reversely, if the body starts to. move'l'up-i wardly it will .so move with an acceleration body of" the if any, movement of the plunger and sub- I such that thev weighted valve willlag in theA upward movement of the plungerand partially close the lower ports 15, thereby again restricting the flow of liquid through the plunger and checking the upward movement of the latter.

When the springs of the vehicle exactly balance the weight of the body oftheevehicle they are in-arelation which maybe referred ,to i as the neutral point.- -In the ldownward movement of the body and plunger after the neutral point has been reached thevelocity downward issubject to a n .ega'tive acceleration (that is, the body' slows" up after passing the neutral point), .withthe result thatn the inertia' fof the downward movement of the'weight 17 causes it tooverl take the plunger and partially close the lower ports during this slowing up of the plunger. Under Athese conditions the lower disk valve 29 and ports 27 serve as a sort of release to avoid transmitting any substantial shock to the plunger and thence to .the vehicle body. Similarly as the body and plunger are moving upwardly from some point below the neutral point the velocity is first positively accelerated up to the neutral point so that the weighted valve lags` and partially closes the lower ports. After ,the neutral point has been reached the velocity of the body and piston are subject to negative `accelera-tion and again the weighted valve overtakes the plunger andthe. chambers at the opposite 'sides of the plungerthan is permitted lby the more indirect passage through the plunger. As a result they will coperate with the plunger .ably suddenjolt on the plunger` ring 33 and tend to prevent any objection- 'lhe plunger and cylinder coperate upon a dash-pot principle with a passage connecting the cylinder chambers at opposite sides of the plunger constricted more or Iless by said floating valve. This passage is typefied 'herein by the passage afforded through the plunger and its ports although the passage might be otherwise embodied within the spiritl of the invention.` The floating weight is constructed and arranged to participate, subject to its inertia, in thel movement of the plunger, but does not participate in the movement of the cylinder.

The springs for the check disk valves 22 and 29 should be comparatively light and only strong enough to hold them yseated under ordinary working conditions.

From the above description it will be ap parent that the floating weighted valve with- 1n the plunger is responsive to the movements of the body and plunger in such'a manner as to furnish a highly desirable variable throttling of the plunger ports to properly check abnormal movements -of the body. It will permit a substantially free flow of liquid through the plunger when the vehicleis traveli g over smooth roads but checks the vibr vehicle is passi over irregularities or rough roads. As a result the vehicle springs are ei'ectively lprotected vagainst breaking.

Having described one illustrative embodimentof the invention wlthout limiting'the same' thereto, what I y claim as new and desire to` secure by Letters Patentis :'j

1. A shock absorberqcomprising two movl able elements, end means governed solelynation, a chamber; a plunger therein having.

ion-of the Abody when the wall pand spring .means for opposing relaby one of the elements for checking abnormal movement thereof.

2. A shock absorber comprising two movable elements, and means governed solely by vone of the elements for checking' abnor- /mal movement thereof in opposite directions.

3. A shock absorber comprising two movable elements, and means governed solely by the movement of one of said elements, for checking' abnormal movement thereof toward and from the companion element.

4. A shock absorber comprising two movable elements, and checking means interposedbetween the elements, one of the elements on its movements being inactive upon the checking means, and means governed by the motionvof the other element, for causing the action ofthe checking means on abnormal movement of said other element.

5. A shock absorber comprising 'two movable elements, one consisting of a cylinder and the other of av piston, the cylinder having means therein for .the circulation 'ofliquid on the relative movement of said elements, and means governed'solely by one 9o of the elements for. checking said circulation on the relative movement of the elements,

the other element being inactive upon the lchecking meansi 6. A shock absorber c/omprising` an elee5 normal movement thereof, the axle connected" elements being inactive upon"the checking means. d y

' 7. A shock absorber comprising an element rigidly connectible with the body of n a vehicle, a second element connectible with 'the axle of the vehicle for movement therewith, and means interposed between the elements and governed solely by the body connected element for checking abnormal movement/of said: body connected element, the axle connected element being inactive upon the checking means. Y f

8. A shock absorber comprising, in combi-.

provision permitting the passage of liquid therethrough; and a ring interposed between said plunger and chamber 'and movable relatively to Saidplunger.

nation, achambergfaplunger therein spaced from the inner wallof saldchamber; a ringl 'v.-

interposed between sai-d'plunger and said tive movement-between said ring 'and/:plunger.l

10. A vshock absorber comprising, in combination, a cylinder having recesses in thev innerrwall thereof; af plunger'in'saidI cyl- 130 vso 9. A shock absorber comprising, in combi-5,415.9

said inder spaced from said wall; and a ring interposed between said plunger and wall for controlling the passage-of'liquid from one side `of said plunger through said,-re cesses to the other side of said lunger.

11. -A shock absorber comprislng, in combination, a' cylinder for connection with the running gear ofa vehicle; a hollow plunger' in said zcylinder for connection w1th the body of the vehicle; ports'in said plunger permitting-the passage of liquid from one side of said plunger to the opposite side thereof; and a weighted floatin valve within saidV plunger for automatica y throttling ports. Y

12. `A shock absorberv comprising, in combination, acylinder-and .plunger adapted to coperate upon a dash-pot principle; means I y providing a passage connecting the c linder chambers at opposite sides of the p unger;

and means for constricting more or less said passage including a vfloating weight in said cylinder constructed to participate,- subject to its inertia, in the movement of only one of said dash-pot parts.

13. In a shock absorber, a fluid-containin casing and a member working'therein, sai

parts being arranged for independent move-v ment of one relative to the other, there being provision for flow of fluid between opposite sides of said member, .and means responsiveto acceleratlon of one only of said parts to` .throttle the Iiow of fluid.

, tle the passage of fluid through the ports.

15. The combination with two elements to be relatively cushioned, of a shock absorber comprising' a Huid-containing casing and member working therein, there being provision for flow of fluid between opposite sides of said member whereby the parts co operate to act as a dashpot, said parts being connected to said elements respectively each to artake of movement of one independent y of movement of the other, and means vassociated with, one .of said parts and by its inertia responsive to movement thereof' to throttle the iow lof uid.

16'. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a iiuid containing chamber; a hollow plunger therein having ports communicating with said chamber; and a iioatlng vvalve in said plunger normally between said ports and automatically'movable to. control the passage through said ports.

17. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a iiuid containing chamber; a hollow lunger therein having port means commumcatin'g-with said chamber; and a spring pressed floating piston valve in said plunger for automatically throttling said port means.

18. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a fluid containing chamber; a hol` low plunger therein having port means 'com` municating with said chamber; and a weighted floating piston valve in said plunger automatically movable relatively to the latter for controlling the passage through said port means.

19. A shock absorber comprising, in com? bination, a liquid containing chamber; a hollow plunger therein having ports communicating with said chamber; and a ioatlng valve within said plunger. movable to throttle said ports and having provision permitting the passage of liquid therethrough.

20. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a Huid-containing chamber; a plunetA ger therein having a side wall and heads;

ports in said Walll and heads for communication with said chamber; a floating valve in said plunger for throttling the ports in said wall; and valve means for controlling the passage through the ports in said heads.

21. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a iiuid containing chamber; a hollow plunger therein having heads and a c lindrical wall; ports in said heads and wal a rod for said plunger; disk valves mounted on said rod for controlling the ports in said heads; and a Heating valve in said plunger automatically movable between said heads for throttling the ports in said cylindrical Y wall. e v

22. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a iiuid containing chamber; a plunger therein having heads and a cylindrical wall; ports in said heads and wall; diskvalves; spring -means for pressing said valves toward said heads over they ports therein; Va iioating weighted valve' recipro# cable in said plunger for controlling the ports in the cylindricalwall of said plunger; and spring means contributing to the control of said weighted valve.

In ltestimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses. i

WATSCN- E. GOODYEAR.

Witnesses: n LAURENCE A. JANNEY, HENRY T. WILLIAnrs. 

